Engine¶

Inheritance Diagram

Methods

 Engine.__init__(psi, model, options) Initialize self. Engine.calc_U(order, delta_t[, type_evo, …]) Calculate self.U_bond from self.bond_eig_{vals,vecs}. (Real-)time evolution with TEBD (time evolving block decimation). TEBD algorithm in imaginary time to find the ground state. Returns list of necessary steps for the suzuki trotter decomposition. Return time steps of U for the Suzuki Trotter decomposition of desired order. Engine.update(N_steps) Evolve by N_steps * U_param['dt']. Engine.update_bond(i, U_bond) Updates the B matrices on a given bond. Engine.update_bond_imag(i, U_bond) Update a bond with a (possibly non-unitary) U_bond. Engine.update_imag(N_steps) Perform an update suitable for imaginary time evolution. Engine.update_step(U_idx_dt, odd) Updates either even or odd bonds in unit cell.

Class Attributes and Properties

 Engine.TEBD_params Engine.trunc_err_bonds truncation error introduced on each non-trivial bond.
class tenpy.algorithms.tebd.Engine(psi, model, options)[source]

Bases: object

Time Evolving Block Decimation (TEBD) algorithm.

Deprecated since version 0.6.0: Renamed parameter/attribute TEBD_params to options.

Parameters

Options

config TEBD
option summary

delta_tau_list in PurificationTEBD.run_GS

A list of floats: the timesteps to be used. [...]

dt in PurificationTEBD.run

Time step.

N_steps in PurificationTEBD.run

Number of time steps dt to evolve. [...]

order in PurificationTEBD.run

Order of the algorithm. The total error scales as O(t*dt^order).

start_time

Initial value for :attr:evolved_time.

start_trunc_err

Initial truncation error for :attr:trunc_err.

trunc_params

Truncation parameters as described in :cfg:config:truncate.

verbose (from Config) in Config

How much to print what's being done; higher means print more. [...]

option trunc_params: dict

Truncation parameters as described in truncate.

option start_time: float

Initial value for evolved_time.

option start_trunc_err: TruncationError

Initial truncation error for trunc_err.

verbose
Type

int

options

Optional parameters, see run() and run_GS() for more details.

Type

Config

evolved_time

Indicating how long psi has been evolved, psi = exp(-i * evolved_time * H) psi(t=0).

Type

float | complex

trunc_err

The error of the represented state which is introduced due to the truncation during the sequence of update steps.

Type

TruncationError

psi

The MPS, time evolved in-place.

Type

MPS

model

The model defining the Hamiltonian.

Type

NearestNeighborModel

_U

Exponentiated H_bond (bond Hamiltonians), i.e. roughly exp(-i H_bond dt_i). First list for different dt_i as necessary for the chosen order, second list for the L different bonds.

Type

list of list of Array

_U_param

A dictionary containing the information of the latest created _U. We don’t recalculate _U if those parameters didn’t change.

Type

dict

_trunc_err_bonds

The local truncation error introduced at each bond, ignoring the errors at other bonds. The i-th entry is left of site i.

Type

list of TruncationError

_update_index

The indices i_dt,i_bond of U_bond = self._U[i_dt][i_bond] during update_step.

Type

None | (int, int)

property trunc_err_bonds

truncation error introduced on each non-trivial bond.

run()[source]

(Real-)time evolution with TEBD (time evolving block decimation).

option TEBD.dt: float

Time step.

option TEBD.N_steps: int

Number of time steps dt to evolve. The Trotter decompositions of order > 1 are slightly more efficient if more than one step is performed at once.

option TEBD.order: int

Order of the algorithm. The total error scales as O(t*dt^order).

run_GS()[source]

TEBD algorithm in imaginary time to find the ground state.

Note

It is almost always more efficient (and hence advisable) to use DMRG. This algorithms can nonetheless be used quite well as a benchmark and for comparison.

option TEBD.delta_tau_list: list

A list of floats: the timesteps to be used. Choosing a large timestep delta_tau introduces large (Trotter) errors, but a too small time step requires a lot of steps to reach exp(-tau H) --> |psi0><psi0|. Therefore, we start with fairly large time steps for a quick time evolution until convergence, and the gradually decrease the time step.

option TEBD.order: int

Order of the Suzuki-Trotter decomposition.

option TEBD.N_steps: int

Number of steps before measurement can be performed

static suzuki_trotter_time_steps(order)[source]

Return time steps of U for the Suzuki Trotter decomposition of desired order.

See suzuki_trotter_decomposition() for details.

Parameters

order (int) – The desired order of the Suzuki-Trotter decomposition.

Returns

time_steps – We need U = exp(-i H_{even/odd} delta_t * dt) for the dt returned in this list.

Return type

list of float

static suzuki_trotter_decomposition(order, N_steps)[source]

Returns list of necessary steps for the suzuki trotter decomposition.

We split the Hamiltonian as $$H = H_{even} + H_{odd} = H[0] + H[1]$$. The Suzuki-Trotter decomposition is an approximation $$\exp(t H) \approx prod_{(j, k) \in ST} \exp(d[j] t H[k]) + O(t^{order+1 })$$.

Parameters

order (int) – The desired order of the Suzuki-Trotter decomposition.

Returns

ST_decomposition – Indices j, k of the time-steps d = suzuki_trotter_time_step(order) and the decomposition of H. They are chosen such that a subsequent application of exp(d[j] t H[k]) to a given state |psi> yields (exp(N_steps t H[k]) + O(N_steps t^{order+1}))|psi>.

Return type

list of (int, int)

calc_U(order, delta_t, type_evo='real', E_offset=None)[source]

Calculate self.U_bond from self.bond_eig_{vals,vecs}.

This function calculates

• U_bond = exp(-i dt (H_bond-E_offset_bond)) for type_evo='real', or

• U_bond = exp(- dt H_bond) for type_evo='imag'.

For first order (in delta_t), we need just one dt=delta_t. Higher order requires smaller dt steps, as given by suzuki_trotter_time_steps().

Parameters
• order (int) – Trotter order calculated U_bond. See update for more information.

• delta_t (float) – Size of the time-step used in calculating U_bond

• type_evo ('imag' | 'real') – Determines whether we perform real or imaginary time-evolution.

• E_offset (None | list of float) – Possible offset added to H_bond for real-time evolution.

update(N_steps)[source]

Evolve by N_steps * U_param['dt'].

Parameters

N_steps (int) – The number of steps for which the whole lattice should be updated.

Returns

trunc_err – The error of the represented state which is introduced due to the truncation during this sequence of update steps.

Return type

TruncationError

update_step(U_idx_dt, odd)[source]

Updates either even or odd bonds in unit cell.

Depending on the choice of p, this function updates all even (E, odd=False,0) or odd (O) (odd=True,1) bonds:

|     - B0 - B1 - B2 - B3 - B4 - B5 - B6 -
|       |    |    |    |    |    |    |
|       |    |----|    |----|    |----|
|       |    |  E |    |  E |    |  E |
|       |    |----|    |----|    |----|
|       |----|    |----|    |----|    |
|       |  O |    |  O |    |  O |    |
|       |----|    |----|    |----|    |


Note that finite boundary conditions are taken care of by having Us[0] = None.

Parameters
• U_idx_dt (int) – Time step index in self._U, evolve with Us[i] = self.U[U_idx_dt][i] at bond (i-1,i).

• odd (bool/int) – Indication of whether to update even (odd=False,0) or even (odd=True,1) sites

Returns

trunc_err – The error of the represented state which is introduced due to the truncation during this sequence of update steps.

Return type

TruncationError

update_bond(i, U_bond)[source]

Updates the B matrices on a given bond.

Function that updates the B matrices, the bond matrix s between and the bond dimension chi for bond i. The correponding tensor networks look like this:

|           --S--B1--B2--           --B1--B2--
|                |   |                |   |
|     theta:     U_bond        C:     U_bond
|                |   |                |   |

Parameters
• i (int) – Bond index; we update the matrices at sites i-1, i.

• U_bond (Array) – The bond operator which we apply to the wave function. We expect labels 'p0', 'p1', 'p0*', 'p1*'.

Returns

trunc_err – The error of the represented state which is introduced by the truncation during this update step.

Return type

TruncationError

update_imag(N_steps)[source]

Perform an update suitable for imaginary time evolution.

Instead of the even/odd brick structure used for ordinary TEBD, we ‘sweep’ from left to right and right to left, similar as DMRG. Thanks to that, we are actually able to preserve the canonical form.

Parameters

N_steps (int) – The number of steps for which the whole lattice should be updated.

Returns

trunc_err – The error of the represented state which is introduced due to the truncation during this sequence of update steps.

Return type

TruncationError

update_bond_imag(i, U_bond)[source]

Update a bond with a (possibly non-unitary) U_bond.

Similar as update_bond(); but after the SVD just keep the A, S, B canonical form. In that way, one can sweep left or right without using old singular values, thus preserving the canonical form during imaginary time evolution.

Parameters
• i (int) – Bond index; we update the matrices at sites i-1, i.

• U_bond (Array) – The bond operator which we apply to the wave function. We expect labels 'p0', 'p1', 'p0*', 'p1*'.

Returns

trunc_err – The error of the represented state which is introduced by the truncation during this update step.

Return type

TruncationError